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Electrically Tunable Lens (ETL)-Based Variable Focus Imaging System for Parametric Surface Texture Analysis of

Jorabar Singh Nirwan1, Shan Lou2, Saqib Hussain3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.

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Summary

Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) offer a low-cost method for quantitative surface analysis. This ETL imaging system accurately measures surface texture parameters, providing an adaptable alternative to traditional microscopy.

Keywords:
electrically tunable lenshypromellosematerialspharmaceutical tabletsurface roughnesssurface texturesurface topographyvariable focus imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Metrology

Background:

  • Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) can adjust optical power using electrical signals, enabling depth perception.
  • Quantitative surface analysis is crucial in various fields, including pharmaceutical manufacturing.
  • Conventional microscopy techniques can be costly and less adaptable for certain analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and calibrate an ETL-based imaging system for precise quantitative surface analysis.
  • To assess the system's capability in measuring various surface texture parameters.
  • To validate the ETL system's performance against established techniques like optical profilometry.

Main Methods:

  • System calibration using the Tenengrad operator to ensure high depth resolution and focus plane accuracy.
  • Application of the ETL system to measure amplitude, spatial, hybrid, and volume surface texture parameters.
  • Validation of results by comparing ETL measurements with those obtained from optical profilometry.

Main Results:

  • The ETL system demonstrated a linear relationship between control current and focal height, confirming accurate calibration.
  • Measured surface texture parameters (amplitude, spatial, hybrid, volume) showed no statistically significant differences compared to optical profilometry.
  • The ETL-based system proved effective for quantitative surface texture analysis.

Conclusions:

  • ETL-based imaging systems present a viable, low-cost, and adaptable alternative to conventional microscopy for surface texture analysis.
  • The developed system offers high accuracy in measuring depth and surface parameters.
  • This technology has potential applications in quality control and research where detailed surface characterization is required.