Modeling the Hydrogen Redistribution at the Grain Boundary of Misoriented Bicrystals in Austenite Stainless Steel

Hydrogen embrittlement, as one of the major concerns for austenitic stainless steel, is closely linked to the diffusion of hydrogen through the grain boundary of materials. The phenomenon is still not well understood yet, especially the full interaction between hydrogen diffusion and the misorientation of the grains. This work aimed at the development of a robust numerical strategy to model the full coupling of the hydrogen diffusion and the anisotropic behavior of crystals in 316 stainless steel. A constitutive model, which allows easy incorporation of crystal orientation, various loading conditions, and arbitrary model geometries, was established by using the finite element package ABAQUS. The study focuses on three different bicrystal models composed of misoriented crystals, and the results indicate that the redistribution of hydrogen is significant closely to the grain boundary, and the redistribution is driven by the hydrostatic pressure caused by the misorientation of two neighboring grains. A higher elastic modulus ratio along the tensile direction will lead to a higher hydrogen concentration difference in the two grains equidistant from the grain boundary. The hydrogen concentration shows a high value in the crystal along the direction with stiff elastic modulus. Moreover, there exists a large hydrogen concentration gradient in a narrow region very close to the grain boundary to balance the concentration difference of the neighboring grains.