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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Homogenization and Cell Lysis01:32

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Tissue homogenization involves disintegrating tissue architecture and lysing cells, and is an early step in isolating and analyzing cellular components. The method used for homogenization depends on the sample type, the amount of sample available, the analyte to be obtained, and the sensitivity of the method. These methods are broadly classified as mechanical and non-mechanical methods.
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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Status and Challenges in Homogenization Methods for Lattice Materials.

Jacobs Somnic1, Bruce W Jo1

  • 1Advanced Dynamics, Mechatronics and Collaborative Robotics (ADAMS) Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY), Incheon 21985, Korea.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This survey explores homogenization methods for lattice materials, offering a faster way to predict mechanical properties. These techniques enable efficient design of lightweight, stiff structures for aerospace and other fields.

Keywords:
homogenization methodlattice materialsmultiscale mechanicsperiodic cellular materials

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Mechanics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Lattice structures offer tunable mechanical properties without altering base materials, enabling lightweight and stiff designs.
  • Applications span aerospace, smart structures, and computational mechanics, leveraging design flexibility.
  • Conventional methods like Finite Element Analysis (FEA) are computationally intensive for complex lattice geometries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive survey of homogenization methodologies for lattice materials.
  • To discuss the fundamentals, current status, and challenges of these rapid processing techniques.
  • To highlight the potential of homogenization in overcoming computational limitations of traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of representative homogenization techniques for lattice structures.
  • Analysis of numerical regression and small-volume analysis for bulk material behavior prediction.
  • Comparison with conventional high-fidelity computational tools (e.g., ANSYS, ABAQUS).

Main Results:

  • Homogenization enables rapid prediction of lattice material behavior by analyzing representative unit cells.
  • This approach significantly reduces the computational load compared to full-scale FEA.
  • Identified key challenges and areas for future development in homogenization methodologies.

Conclusions:

  • Homogenization is a powerful approach for efficient analysis and design of lattice materials.
  • It facilitates the customization of mechanical properties for advanced applications.
  • Further research is needed to address existing challenges and enhance the accuracy and scope of homogenization techniques.