DICER: structure, function, and regulation.

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are essential regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic cells.
• The enzyme DICER (a type III ribonuclease) is critical for processing these small RNAs and also performs non-canonical functions like DNA repair and apoptosis.
• Dysregulation of DICER is linked to various diseases and accelerated aging, underscoring its fundamental biological importance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of DICER's structure, functions, and regulation.
• To explore the link between DICER dysfunction and disease pathogenesis.
• To highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating DICER activity for health and longevity.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current literature on DICER.
• Structural features of DICER are summarized.
• Canonical and non-canonical roles of DICER are described.
• Regulatory mechanisms impacting DICER abundance and function are discussed.

Main Results:

• DICER is a central enzyme in small RNA biogenesis and has diverse biological roles.
• Multiple regulatory mechanisms control DICER levels and activity.
• DICER deregulation is associated with disease and aging.

Conclusions:

• Understanding DICER's multifaceted roles and regulation is crucial for comprehending cellular function and disease.
• Targeting DICER presents a promising avenue for developing interventions to promote healthspan and combat age-related diseases.