Japanese Type 1 Diabetes Database Study (TIDE-J): rationale and study design.

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and Metabolism
• Immunology
• Genetics

Background:

• Type 1 diabetes (T1D) exhibits heterogeneity, classified into acute-onset, slowly progressive, and fulminant subtypes in Japan.
• Existing cross-sectional databases lack prospective longitudinal data for investigating T1D clinical outcomes in Japan.

Purpose of the Study:

• To construct a multi-center prospective longitudinal database for the three T1D subtypes in Japan, incorporating genetic information and biobanking.
• To facilitate the understanding of distinct clinical courses among T1D subtypes.
• To identify novel diagnostic markers and predict clinical outcomes, including beta-cell function and disease severity.

Main Methods:

• The Japanese Type 1 Diabetes Database Study (TIDE-J) was established, enrolling patients with T1D duration <5 years, positive islet autoantibodies or low C-peptide, and ability to consent.
• Annual collection of clinical data (glycemic control, insulin secretion, autoantibodies, complications, treatment) via REDCap.
• HLA genotyping at entry and annual storage of blood samples for exploratory and genetic analyses.

Main Results:

• The TIDE-J database construction is complete, enabling longitudinal tracking of T1D subtypes.
• Data collection infrastructure is in place for comprehensive annual assessments.
• Genetic and biobanking components are integrated for future biomarker discovery.

Conclusions:

• The TIDE-J database provides a crucial resource for understanding the heterogeneity of T1D in Japan.
• This resource is expected to reveal distinct clinical trajectories for each T1D subtype.
• Future analyses may lead to improved diagnostic tools and personalized treatment strategies for T1D.