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Isolation of Human Islets from Partially Pancreatectomized Patients
Published on: July 30, 2011
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Islet Autoimmunity is Highly Prevalent and Associated With Diminished β-Cell Function in Patients With Type 2
Barbara Brooks-Worrell1,2, Christiane S Hampe2, Erica G Hattery3
1VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
Diabetes
|January 21, 2022
Summary
Islet autoimmunity is more common in type 2 diabetes (T2D) than previously thought. T cell autoimmunity is linked to reduced beta-cell function and poorer glycemic control in T2D patients.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
- Metabolic Diseases
Background:
- Islet autoimmunity's role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology is unclear.
- Previous studies have underestimated the prevalence and clinical impact of islet autoimmunity in T2D.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of cellular and humoral islet autoimmunity in T2D patients.
- To assess the association between islet autoimmunity and beta-cell function in T2D.
Main Methods:
- Ancillary study to the GRADE Study involving T2D patients on metformin.
- Measured T cell autoreactivity, islet autoantibodies (GAD65, IA2, ZnT8), and beta-cell function via oral glucose tolerance tests.
- Analyzed associations with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose.
Main Results:
- Cellular islet autoimmunity detected in 41.3%, humoral in 13.5%, and both in 5.3% of T2D patients.
- T cell-positive patients exhibited significantly lower beta-cell function (iAUC-CG and ΔC-peptide/Δglucose).
- T cell-positive patients had higher HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels compared to T cell-negative patients.
Conclusions:
- Islet autoimmunity is significantly more prevalent in T2D than previously reported.
- T cell-mediated autoimmunity is associated with diminished beta-cell function and worse glycemic control in T2D.
- These findings highlight the clinical significance of islet autoimmunity in T2D management.
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