Microbial CO₂ fixation and biotechnology in reducing industrial CO₂ emissions

The rapid acceleration in emissions of inevitably generated CO₂ due to numerous activities mainly anthropogenic have devastating environmental effects leading to climatic concerns. Hence, significant, sustainable approaches should be developed for reduction of CO₂ emission targets, balancing the existing needs of the current population. Biological carbon acquisition, storage and usage are considered crucial alternative strategies in assimilating inorganic carbon, manifested by diverse variety of microorganisms. Furthermore, central biochemical routes along with associated enzymes serve as considerable factors for understanding molecular microbial CO₂ assimilation. Microorganisms exhibit an impeccable capability to facilitate evolved mechanisms in sequestering inorganic carbon at higher pace to produce biomaterials like biofuels, bioplastics etc. This review endorses the importance of microorganisms in reducing the concomitant release of CO₂ by providing supervision in biotechnological applications (such as genetic engineering, microbial electrosynthesis, gas fermentation and protein engineering) to mitigate CO₂ at an industrial scale.