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Phase Transition to Turbulence in Spatially Extended Shear Flows.

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Directed percolation (DP) offers a new explanation for turbulence. Experiments in cylindrical Couette flow confirm DP exponents, providing the first strong experimental evidence for this statistical mechanics model of turbulence.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Statistical mechanics
  • Turbulence research

Background:

  • The transition to turbulence remains a long-standing scientific puzzle.
  • Directed percolation (DP) models show promise in explaining turbulence.
  • Experimental validation of DP in fluid systems is limited due to timescale constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide experimental evidence for directed percolation's role in turbulence.
  • To investigate turbulence onset in cylindrical Couette flow using DP.
  • To determine critical exponents and compare them with DP universality classes.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments conducted in a cylindrical Couette flow setup with large aspect ratios.
  • Measurements performed close to the critical point (within 0.1%).
  • Determination of five critical exponents characterizing the transition.

Main Results:

  • Experimental results show excellent agreement with the 2+1D DP universality class.
  • The determined critical exponents match theoretical predictions for DP.
  • The study provides the first significant experimental validation of DP in fluid dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Directed percolation provides a robust framework for understanding turbulence onset.
  • The complex dynamics at the edge of turbulence can be explained by statistical mechanics.
  • This research bridges the gap between theoretical DP models and experimental fluid dynamics.