Alimentary Infections by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes significant neurological illness, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE).
• TBEV transmission occurs via tick bites and the alimentary route, primarily through consuming raw milk from infected livestock (sheep, goats, cows).
• Alimentary TBEV infections are increasingly recognized as a key factor in the rising incidence of TBE across Europe.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the historical context and current prevalence of alimentary TBEV infections in Europe.
• To analyze experimental findings regarding the secretion of TBEV in milk from infected ruminants.
• To review and discuss potential preventive measures against alimentary TBEV transmission.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of historical and contemporary studies on alimentary TBEV infections.
• Analysis of experimental data focusing on virus shedding in milk.
• Synthesis of information on preventive strategies for alimentary TBEV.

Main Results:

• The alimentary route of TBEV transmission was identified in the 1950s, with significant early research.
• Current data indicate alimentary TBEV infections are a growing concern for public health in Europe.
• Experimental evidence supports the potential for virus secretion into the milk of infected ruminants.

Conclusions:

• Alimentary TBEV transmission via contaminated milk is a significant public health issue in Europe.
• Understanding virus shedding dynamics is crucial for assessing transmission risk.
• Effective preventive measures are necessary to mitigate the impact of alimentary TBEV infections.