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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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Lost in another language: a case report.

Husam K Z Salamah1,2, Eva Mortier3, Renske Wassenberg3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands. husam.salamah@mumc.nl.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|January 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Foreign language syndrome, a rare condition, caused a patient to temporarily speak only English after surgery. Its exact cause and relation to emergence delirium require further study.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaCase reportEmergence deliriumForeign language syndromeLanguage switchNon-nativePostoperative

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Linguistics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Foreign language syndrome (FLS) is a rare neurological condition where patients temporarily speak a non-native language.
  • FLS typically occurs postoperatively and resolves spontaneously, but its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear.
  • Anesthesia's role in FLS is speculative and requires further investigation.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old male experienced a 24-hour episode of foreign language syndrome post-orthopedic surgery.
  • The patient lost comprehension and speech in his native Dutch, communicating exclusively in English.
  • This episode was accompanied by transient confusion, disorientation, and inability to recognize family.

Findings:

  • Neuropsychological examination revealed no persistent cognitive deficits.
  • The case highlights a distinct presentation of foreign language syndrome.
  • The patient's English proficiency was limited to classroom learning prior to the event.

Implications:

  • The case contributes to understanding the spectrum of FLS presentations.
  • Further research is needed to clarify if FLS is a distinct syndrome or a phenotype of emergence delirium.
  • Investigating the precise mechanisms of FLS may offer insights into language processing and recovery post-neurological events.