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Vision-dependent specification of cell types and function in the developing cortex.

Sarah Cheng1, Salwan Butrus2, Liming Tan3

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

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|January 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vision shapes specific brain cell types in the upper layers of the mouse visual cortex (V1). This experience-dependent development relies on gene expression, impacting how neurons connect and function.

Keywords:
binocular visioncell typescritical periodinhibitory synapseslayer 2/3single-nucleus RNA-seqvisual cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Postnatal experience significantly influences brain development, particularly cortical circuitry.
  • Understanding cell-type-specific developmental trajectories in response to sensory input remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how visual experience shapes distinct cell types in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1).
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying experience-dependent circuit refinement.

Main Methods:

  • Single-nucleus RNA sequencing to profile cell types.
  • Visual deprivation and genetic manipulation to assess experience-dependent changes.
  • Functional imaging to evaluate neural responses.

Main Results:

  • Vision selectively drives the specification of upper-layer (L2/3/4) glutamatergic cell types.
  • Deeper-layer glutamatergic, GABAergic, and non-neuronal cell types are established before eye opening.
  • Experience-dependent gene expression, including Igsf9b, regulates cell adhesion and synapse formation in L2/3.
  • Igsf9b is crucial for normal binocular response development in L2/3.

Conclusions:

  • Visual input preferentially regulates the development of upper-layer glutamatergic cell types.
  • Cell-type-specific gene expression programs are key mediators of visual experience-dependent cortical development.