Surface migration of Pb(II) from water and soil using an aerogel/graphite felt primary cell system

To develop a zero energy consumption electrokinetic remediation method of Pb(II) in water and soil, a primary cell system was constructed via synergistic effects of the electromigration, ion exchange, precipitation and hydrogen bond. The primary cell system used cathode of calcium alginate aerogel/graphite felt (CAA/GF) and another piece of CAA/GF was placed on the top of the water and soil. Thus the electric field in the system could drive positively charged Pb(II) towards the top of and thus Pb(II) was surface migrated, promoting removal of Pb(II). This system achieved Pb(II) removal efficiency of 97.8% and maximum power density of 32.1 mW m^-2. Additionally, the CAA/GF presented a good reusability. This work provides a promising and facile method to remove heavy metals from water and soil, which might have a huge application prospect.