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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Roles of enhancer RNAs in sex hormone-dependent cancers

Lu Zhang1,2, Xiaoxia Ye2, Jieyi Luo1,2

  • 1The First Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology
|January 22, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that promote cancer progression and regulate genes. Both strands of eRNAs play complex roles in sex hormone pathways, contributing to hormone-dependent cancers.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are non-coding transcripts.
  • eRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles in gene regulation and cancer.
  • Emerging evidence highlights eRNA involvement in sex hormone signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize current knowledge on eRNAs in sex hormone-dependent cancers.
  • To elucidate the roles of eRNAs in sex hormone-mediated pathways and cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of published articles on eRNAs in sex hormone-dependent cancers.
  • Synthesis and summarization of the identified roles of eRNAs in these cancers.

Main Results:

  • Elevated eRNA expression can promote cancer cell progression.
  • eRNAs participate in both gene activation and repression.
  • eRNAs function at cis and trans loci in androgen receptor signaling, with both sense and antisense strands being significant.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal eRNA overexpression is predominantly oncogenic, driving cancer progression.
  • Both strands of eRNAs exhibit complex, multifaceted roles in sex hormone-mediated pathways.
  • These eRNA functions are closely linked to the development of sex hormone-dependent tumors.
Keywords:
Bladder cancerBreast cancerEnhancer RNAsOvarian cancerProstate cancerSex hormones

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