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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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1.2K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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1.2K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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1.7K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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A Ferrotoroidic Candidate with Well-Separated Spin Chains.

Jun Zhang1, Xiancheng Wang1,2, Long Zhou1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered Ba6 Cr2 S10 as a novel ferrotoroidic material. This quasi-1D spin chain compound exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering, paving the way for exploring ferrotoroidicity applications.

Keywords:
ferrotoroidic ordermagnetoelectric couplingmultiferroicsspin chaintoroidal moments

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry

Background:

  • The search for novel quasi-1D materials is crucial in materials science.
  • Ferrotoroidicity, characterized by toroidal moments, arises from specific magnetic configurations.
  • Theoretical models suggest 1D dimerized and antiferromagnetic (AFM)-like spin chains can host ferrotoroidicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a new candidate material exhibiting ferrotoroidic properties.
  • To investigate the structural and magnetic characteristics of Ba6 Cr2 S10.
  • To explore the potential for coexisting ferroic orders in this material.

Main Methods:

  • Crystallographic analysis to determine the unique dimerized CrS6 octahedral chain structure.
  • Magnetic susceptibility measurements to identify antiferromagnetic ordering.
  • Symmetry analysis to determine allowed ferroic orders based on the magnetic point group.

Main Results:

  • Ba6 Cr2 S10 exhibits a quasi-1D spin chain structure.
  • Antiferromagnetic ordering was observed at approximately 10 K, breaking space- and time-reversal symmetries.
  • The magnetic point group mm'2' allows for (anti)ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferrotoroidic orders.

Conclusions:

  • Ba6 Cr2 S10 is identified as a rare ferrotoroidic candidate with a quasi-1D spin chain.
  • This material serves as a potential platform for further research into ferrotoroidicity.
  • The coexisting ferroic orders present unique opportunities for novel device applications.