Cortical spreading depression: culprits and mechanisms
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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Combining Imaging and Electrophysiology to Visualize and Record Spreading Depolarizations in Mice
Published on: October 4, 2024
Aparna Ann Mathew1, Rajitha Panonnummal2
1Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
Abstract:
Cortical spreading depression or CSD is an electrophysiological phenomenon affecting various perspectives of brain physiology such as ionic balance, neurotransmitter level, and blood flow in the brain. This phenomenon has greater impact on the brain function and results in the pathological contribution of many diseases in humans such as migraine with aura, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Various factors such as nutrition, stress, sleep, age, alcohol, inflammation and oxidative stress worsen the condition and affect CSD susceptibility. The underlying mechanisms such as ionic imbalance and neurotransmitters' alteration are interconnected and may worsen the condition of CSD. Thus, correction of these main culprits might ameliorate the cumbersome effect of CSD, thereby providing benefits in diseases associated with CSD. This review collates most of the triggering factors that makes one prone to the CSD condition along with its underlying mechanisms.
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