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Bacterial developmental checkpoint that directly monitors cell surface morphogenesis.

Thomas Delerue1, Vivek Anantharaman2, Michael C Gilmore3

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The protein SpoVID acts as a checkpoint in Bacillus subtilis spore formation, monitoring coat assembly to prevent improper cortex development. This ensures coordinated spore layer synthesis across the cell membrane.

Keywords:
ClostridiumClostridium difficileDivIVAFtsZMreBSPOCS domainSpindle assembly checkpointSpoIVASpoVMsporulation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Development and Morphogenesis

Background:

  • Bacillus subtilis spores feature a protective outer proteinaceous coat and an inner peptidoglycan cortex, separated by a membrane.
  • Coordination between coat assembly initiation and subsequent cortex assembly across this membrane remains mechanistically undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Bacillus subtilis coordinates spore coat and cortex assembly.
  • To identify the molecular players involved in monitoring coat assembly and regulating cortex formation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the function of the protein SpoVID and its LysM domain in Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
  • Analyzed the interaction of SpoVID with peptidoglycan precursors and its role in developmental checkpoints.

Main Results:

  • SpoVID possesses an intracellular LysM domain that binds the lipid II peptidoglycan precursor, unlike extracellular LysM domains that bind mature peptidoglycan.
  • Improper coat assembly leads to exposure of the SpoVID LysM domain, which sequesters lipid II, thereby arresting cortex assembly.
  • SpoVID acts as a crucial checkpoint, linking coat assembly status to cortex morphogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • SpoVID functions as a sensor of coat assembly, preventing cortex formation when the coat is improperly initiated.
  • This mechanism ensures the coordinated development of spatially separated supramolecular structures during sporulation.
  • SpoVID represents a conserved protein family in Firmicutes, suggesting a widespread role in developmental checkpoints.