Developing basic robotic skills using virtual reality simulation and automated assessment tools: a multidisciplinary...

This study sought to develop basic robotic surgical skills among surgical trainees across multiple specialties using a VR-based curriculum and provided objective, on-demand, automated assessments using the Intuitive Learning platform. This curriculum was developed using the Da Vinci Skills Simulator and included 24 exercises. A pre-test and post-test were required for completion of the curriculum. Scores > 90 on individual exercises and the post-test were required for successful completion. The Intuitive learning platform provided automated performance metrics and tracked trainee progression. The curriculum was implemented and data collected over a 12-month period. 21 trainees completed the entire curriculum. Post-test scores were significantly higher than pre-test scores and trainees reported improvement in their robotic skills after curriculum completion. A comparison based on training level revealed that junior residents had significantly lower number of attempts per exercise, fewer penalties, and higher completion scores when compared to senior residents and fellows. Individual exercise analysis demonstrated that exercises, such as 'Three-Arm Relay' and 'Ring Rollercoaster', required the longest time and most attempts to achieve a passing score. The 'Energy Pedals' and 'Knot Tying' skills were the least-utilized skills addressed in the curriculum. Virtual reality-based curriculums using the Intuitive Learning platform can be standardized across multiple specialties allowing for the development of basic robotic skills, shared interdisciplinary surgical education, and provides powerful objective and automated performance metrics of trainees.