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When Unequals Compete: Where Do They Stand After the Competition?

Einav Hart1, Judith Avrahami2, Yaakov Kareev2

  • 1School of Business, George Mason University.

Cognitive Science
|January 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

In competitions, weaker agents often lose status, especially with larger rewards. However, increased uncertainty in competition, like in the Colonel Blotto game, can lessen this negative effect for less advantaged competitors.

Keywords:
CompetitionInequalitySocial InteractionUncertainty

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Game Theory
  • Experimental Economics

Background:

  • Inequality in competitive outcomes is a persistent issue.
  • The impact of competition structure on relative status is not fully understood.
  • Previous research suggests stronger competitors often improve their standing at the expense of weaker ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate how competition design affects the relative standing of unequal competitors.
  • To determine the influence of reward size and outcome uncertainty on competitive dynamics.
  • To analyze the impact on weaker agents in an investment game setting.

Main Methods:

  • An investment game with 208 participants competing with unequal endowed budgets.
  • Two competition formats: an all-pay-auction contest and a Colonel Blotto contest.
  • Varying reward sizes and levels of uncertainty in winner determination.

Main Results:

  • Weaker agents' relative standing worsened after competition, consistent with game theory predictions.
  • The negative impact on weaker agents intensified with larger reward sizes.
  • The Colonel Blotto game, with higher uncertainty, mitigated the worsening of weaker agents' relative standing.

Conclusions:

  • Competition can exacerbate inequality, particularly when rewards are high.
  • Competition design, specifically outcome uncertainty, plays a crucial role in moderating status changes.
  • Findings have implications for designing fair competitive environments and understanding economic inequality.