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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Instability02:17

Microtubule Instability

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Microtubule Formation01:23

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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Microtubules01:18

Microtubules

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Microtubules are the thickest cytoskeletal filaments with a diameter of 25 nm. In prokaryotic organisms, microtubules are commonly found in locomotory appendages like cilia and flagella. In eukaryotic cells, microtubules form specialized extensions for moving fluid over the surface, like those found in cells lining the intestine.
Microtubules have two structurally similar globular protein subunits: α and β tubulins. In the cytosol, the α and β tubulins form a heterodimer....
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Microtubules in Cell Motility01:24

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Microtubules are thick hollow cylindrical proteins that help form the cytoskeleton. Microtubules have varied roles in the cell. These filaments help form cellular appendages like cilia and flagella, which are responsible for locomotion. The cilia arise from basal bodies, separated from the main body by a membrane-like structure forming the transition zone. This zone is the gate for the entry of lipids and proteins, creating a unique composition of lipids and proteins in the ciliary membrane and...
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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
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The tubulin code in mammalian sperm development and function.

Sudarshan Gadadhar1, Tatjana Hirschmugl2, Carsten Janke1

  • 1Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3348, F-91401 Orsay, France.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tubulin code, involving tubulin posttranslational modifications, is crucial for sperm development and motility. Dysregulation of this code can cause male infertility and diverse sperm defects.

Keywords:
FertilityMicrotubulesSpermSpermatogenesisTubulin codeTubulin isotypesTubulin posttranslational modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Spermatogenesis research
  • Male reproductive biology
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics

Background:

  • Microtubules are vital cytoskeletal components in sperm development and flagellum structure.
  • Sperm motility, essential for fertilization, relies on functional microtubules.
  • Aberrant microtubules are linked to male infertility and sperm defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the tubulin code in sperm development and function.
  • To highlight the impact of tubulin posttranslational modifications on male fertility.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on microtubule regulation in spermatogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on tubulin modifications.
  • Analysis of the tubulin code's influence on microtubule properties.
  • Synthesis of data linking tubulin code to sperm function and fertility.

Main Results:

  • Tubulin posttranslational modifications are key regulators of microtubule function during spermatogenesis.
  • The tubulin code modulates microtubule properties, impacting sperm development.
  • Defects in the tubulin code are associated with a wide range of sperm abnormalities and infertility.

Conclusions:

  • The tubulin code is essential for normal sperm development and function.
  • Understanding the tubulin code is critical for addressing male infertility causes.
  • Targeting tubulin modifications may offer therapeutic strategies for reproductive health.