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Principles of Disease Surveillance

Principles of Disease Surveillance

Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...

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Infectious Bronchitis Virus Surveillance in Broilers in California (2012-20).

P Montine¹, T R Kelly², S Stoute³

¹Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 4008 VM3B, Davis, CA 95616.

|January 24, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) shows seasonal prevalence in California broilers, peaking in fall and winter. Ongoing surveillance is crucial for detecting IBV variants and understanding spatial-temporal trends to improve prevention strategies.

Keywords:

Nextstrain RT-PCR broilers genotyping infectious bronchitis virus molecular surveillance

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Published on: July 3, 2014

Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Poultry Health
Molecular Epidemiology

Background:

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes significant economic losses in global chicken production.
Understanding IBV's seasonal and spatial-temporal dynamics is vital for effective control in California broilers.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze seasonal and spatial-temporal trends of IBV prevalence in California broilers over eight years.
To identify predominant IBV genotypes and track changes over time.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 3439 suspected IBV broiler submissions (2012-2020).
RT-qPCR screening of pooled tracheal, kidney, and cecal tonsil swabs.
S1 gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of viral isolates.

Main Results:

1243 pooled samples tested positive for IBV, with higher prevalence in fall and winter.
Identified an IBV hot spot near Livingston and cold spots near Riverdale.
Detected shifts in predominant genotypes from IBV Cal 99 to IBV 3099, with a new variant emerging post-vaccination.

Conclusions:

IBV prevalence exhibits distinct seasonal and spatial-temporal patterns in California.
Genotype surveillance reveals dynamic shifts and the emergence of new variants, necessitating adaptive vaccination strategies.
Continuous molecular surveillance is essential for managing IBV and preventing future outbreaks.