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Related Concept Videos

Virtual Work01:20

Virtual Work

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The principle of virtual work states that if a body is in static and dynamic equilibrium, then the sum of all the virtual work done by all external forces and couple moments for any given virtual displacement must be zero.
In static equilibrium, a body can experience an imaginary or virtual movement, such as displacement or rotation. The virtual work done by a force is equal to the dot product of force and virtual displacement in the direction of the force. When it comes to virtually rotating a...
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Principle of Virtual Work: Problem Solving01:13

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The principle of virtual work is an essential concept in the field of mechanics and engineering. This is used to solve problems related to the equilibrium of a structure or system. It is based on the assumption that if a system is in equilibrium, the work done by all the forces during a virtual displacement is zero. This principle is applied by considering virtual displacements of the system and the corresponding work done by internal and external forces.
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Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication01:30

Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication

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Since the early 2000s, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has grown rapidly, playing a crucial role in self-development. A key distinction between CMC and real-life interactions is the lack of a physically present partner. This absence makes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic signals unavailable in CMC platforms like email, instant messaging, or social media. The lack of these cues can create ambiguity and complicate how feedback is interpreted.The...
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Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

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As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
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Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies01:06

Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies

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Virtual work is a powerful method used to solve problems involving several connected rigid bodies. When the system is in equilibrium, virtual work is zero. This allows the calculation of the resulting forces when a system undergoes a virtual displacement. When attempting to analyze such a system, first, use a free-body diagram, where an independent coordinate represents the configuration of the links, and mark its deflected position resulting from the positive virtual displacement.
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The virtual office: A perspective from college students.

Susan E Kotowski1, Kermit G Davis2

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|January 24, 2022
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Summary

The rapid shift to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic led to poor student home office setups and increased screen time, resulting in significant discomfort. Universities need to address these ergonomic and health issues for students learning remotely.

Keywords:
Teleworkbreakshuman-computer interfacekeyboardlaptopsmusculoskeletal discomfortmusculoskeletal disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics
  • Public Health
  • Higher Education

Background:

  • COVID-19 pandemic forced rapid transition to online learning in universities.
  • Online learning persisted through Spring 2021 for many students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Assess the impact of online learning on student home office environments.
  • Evaluate the associated health outcomes and discomfort levels.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey distributed to students at a large Midwest university.
  • Assessed student work practices and self-reported health outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 1074 student responses analyzed.
  • Prevalence of laptop use without external peripherals (monitors, keyboards, mice).
  • Increased technology use (31-40 hours/week) correlated with high rates (41%) of severe discomfort in neck, shoulders, and back.

Conclusions:

  • Student home office setups were frequently suboptimal for health and ergonomics.
  • Educational interventions are needed to promote healthier remote learning environments for university students.