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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills
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Everyday Functioning in a Community-Based Volunteer Population: Differences Between Participant- and Study

Merike Verrijp1, Mark A Dubbelman1, Leonie N C Visser1,2

  • 1Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

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|January 24, 2022
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Summary

Participant and study partner reports of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) difficulties show moderate agreement in healthy individuals. Subjective factors like memory complaints influence IADL reporting, suggesting self- and partner-reports are not interchangeable.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseagingawarenessdementiainstrumental activities of daily livingpreclinicalself report measuresstudy partner-reported outcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Impaired awareness in dementia often necessitates study partner reports for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).
  • A shift towards early disease detection and prevention raises questions about the utility of self-report measures for IADL.
  • Understanding discrepancies between self- and partner-reports is crucial for accurate IADL assessment in diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare participant- and study partner-reported IADL performance in a non-demented, community-based volunteer sample.
  • To identify demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors associated with differences in IADL reporting between participants and their study partners.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire (A-IADL-Q) with 3,288 participants and 1,213 study partners.
  • Assessed concordance using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
  • Employed multinomial logistic regressions to analyze factors related to over- and underreporting of IADL difficulties.

Main Results:

  • Most participants and study partners reported no significant IADL difficulties.
  • Moderate concordance (ICC = 0.55) was observed between participant and study partner reports.
  • Depressive symptoms and memory complaints increased the likelihood of participants overreporting IADL difficulties.

Conclusions:

  • Participant and study partner reports of IADL difficulties are not interchangeable, even in cognitively healthy individuals.
  • Subjective factors significantly influence self-reported IADL difficulties.
  • Awareness of IADL functioning is a critical consideration in assessment, regardless of cognitive status.