The Effects of L-Arginine in Hypertensive Patients: A Literature Review

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic disease that affects more than 972 million people throughout the world, which is usually associated with endothelial dysfunction. Scientists are closely investigating endothelial dysfunction and have recently discovered the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) known as NO (nitric oxide), which is derived from a semi-essential amino acid, L-arginine, by the action of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Production of adequate amounts of NO by vascular endothelial cells is essential to maintain normal blood pressure and prevent the development of HTN. Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous NOS inhibitor that is increased in those with HTN especially in patients with renal dysfunction. In the present review, the role of L-arginine, arginine transporters, and ADMA in the pathobiology of HTN and their potential clinical significance are discussed.