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Retinopathy of prematurity in Saudi Arabia: Exploring maternal risk factors

Nooran Badeeb1, Lina Raffa2, Huda AhmedHussain3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology
|January 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Spontaneous vaginal delivery was linked to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in mothers. Low birth weight (BW) was the strongest predictor for ROP in preterm infants, highlighting the need for improved maternal care.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal ophthalmology
  • Perinatology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant cause of preventable blindness in premature infants.
  • Maternal risk factors for ROP remain understudied, particularly in Saudi Arabia.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for targeted interventions and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify maternal risk factors associated with any stage of ROP.
  • To determine maternal risk factors for Type 1 ROP, a severe form requiring treatment.
  • To investigate the role of delivery mode and other maternal factors in ROP development.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study included 295 preterm infants (gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and/or birth weight ≤ 1500 g) screened for ROP.
  • Data on 28 maternal and neonatal risk factors were analyzed.
  • Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression, were performed.

Main Results:

  • ROP incidence was 31.9% for any stage and 7% for Type 1.
  • Spontaneous vaginal delivery was associated with any stage ROP (P=0.049) but not Type 1 ROP.
  • Independent risk factors for any stage ROP included lower birth weight, lower gestational age, and longer NICU stay.
  • Lower birth weight and intraventricular hemorrhage were independent risk factors for Type 1 ROP.

Conclusions:

  • Spontaneous vaginal delivery is a potential maternal risk factor for ROP.
  • Low birth weight is the most significant predictor for both any stage and Type 1 ROP.
  • Optimizing obstetric care to reduce preterm birth and low birth weight is essential for ROP prevention.
Abstract

Keywords:
Birth weightmaternalneonatalretinopathy of prematurityrisk factor

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