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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

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Otitis Media Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Tal Marom1, Jacob Pitaro2, Udayan K Shah3,4

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ben Gurion University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ashdod, Israel.

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|January 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic altered acute otitis media (AOM) management in children, decreasing AOM episodes and surgeries. Telemedicine use for AOM increased, but diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic prescriptions remained concerns.

Keywords:
COVID-19acute otitis mediaadmissionburden analysiscoronavirus infectionmastoiditisotitis mediaotitis media with effusion

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted pediatric infectious diseases, including acute otitis media (AOM).
  • Pre-pandemic coronaviruses (CoVs) were infrequently detected in AOM cases and associated with mild illness.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged as the primary cause of the global pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the effects of COVID-19 pandemic measures on AOM prevalence and management in children.
  • To evaluate the role of telemedicine and surgical interventions during the pandemic.
  • To investigate SARS-CoV-2 detection in middle ear fluid and tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Review of changes in AOM diagnosis, treatment, and surgical procedures during the pandemic.
  • Assessment of telemedicine utilization and its diagnostic accuracy for AOM.
  • Analysis of AOM episode rates, spontaneous resolution, and ventilation tube insertion (VTI) surgeries.
  • Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 presence in middle ear fluid and post-mortem specimens.

Main Results:

  • AOM episodes and VTI surgeries decreased significantly during the pandemic.
  • Telemedicine adoption for AOM increased, but diagnostic accuracy and antibiotic prescription rates were concerns.
  • High spontaneous resolution rates of middle ear fluid were observed in children.
  • SARS-CoV-2 was detected in middle ear fluid of infected patients and in middle ear/mastoid mucosa post-mortem.

Conclusions:

  • Pandemic-related public health measures led to reduced AOM incidence and surgical interventions.
  • Telemedicine presents challenges in accurate AOM diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic use.
  • Myringotomy procedures were deemed safe despite initial concerns about viral shedding.
  • Further research is needed on SARS-CoV-2's otologic implications.