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Related Concept Videos

Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
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Case 302.

Surjith Vattoth1, Loai Aker1, Mohamed Abdelhady1

  • 1From the Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Ark (S.V.); Department of Clinical Imaging, Hamad General Hospital (L.A.), and Department of Neuroradiology, Neuroscience Institute (M.A., A.H.E.B.), Hamad Medical, PO Box 3050, Alsadd, Doha, Qatar; and Department of Clinical Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar (A.H.E.B.).

Radiology
|January 24, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 21-year-old man presented with seizures and neurological deficits. Extensive workup, including cerebrospinal fluid analysis and brain MRI, was performed to identify the cause of his symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Infectious Disease

Background:

  • A 21-year-old immunocompetent male resident of Qatar presented with recurrent generalized tonic-clonic seizures and progressive neurological symptoms including diplopia, dizziness, and left arm numbness over 3 months.
  • The patient had no significant past medical history, drug use, recent vaccinations, or surgical procedures.
  • Initial presentation revealed normal vital signs and neurological examination showed mild left homonymous hemianopia, with normal gait and limb functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying cause of new-onset seizures and progressive neurological deficits in a young, immunocompetent patient.
  • To differentiate between infectious, inflammatory, autoimmune, neoplastic, and vascular etiologies through comprehensive diagnostic testing.

Main Methods:

  • Performed electroencephalogram (EEG) to assess for epileptiform discharges.
  • Conducted extensive laboratory work-up including chest CT, complete blood counts, serum chemistry, and serological tests for infectious and autoimmune markers.
  • Analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for cell count, protein, biochemistry, and infectious agents via Gram staining, acid-fast staining, PCR, and cultures.
  • Utilized conventional brain MRI with contrast and perfusion study for detailed neuroimaging evaluation.

Main Results:

  • EEG showed no epileptiform discharges.
  • Extensive laboratory and serological work-up, including CSF analysis, were largely unremarkable, with only mildly elevated CSF protein and lymphocytic pleocytosis.
  • Brain MRI with contrast and perfusion study revealed specific findings that aided in diagnosis (details not provided in the abstract).

Conclusions:

  • Despite a thorough and extensive diagnostic workup, the etiology of the patient's seizures and neurological symptoms remained elusive based on the initial investigations described.
  • Further investigations or a different diagnostic approach may be warranted to determine the cause of the patient's presentation.