Prodrug-Activating Chain Exchange (PACE) converts targeted prodrug derivatives to functional bi- or multispecific...

Driven by the potential to broaden the target space of conventional monospecific antibodies, the field of multi-specific antibody derivatives is growing rapidly. The production and screening of these artificial proteins entails a high combinatorial complexity. Antibody-domain exchange was previously shown to be a versatile strategy to produce bispecific antibodies in a robust and efficient manner. Here, we show that the domain exchange reaction to generate hybrid antibodies also functions under physiological conditions. Accordingly, we modified the exchange partners for use in therapeutic applications, in which two inactive prodrugs convert into a product with additional functionalities. We exemplarily show the feasibility for generating active T cell bispecific antibodies from two inactive prodrugs, which per se do not activate T cells alone. The two complementary prodrugs harbor antigen-targeting Fabs and non-functional anti-CD3 Fvs fused to IgG-CH3 domains engineered to drive chain-exchange reactions between them. Importantly, Prodrug-Activating Chain Exchange (PACE) could be an attractive option to conditionally activate therapeutics at the target site. Several examples are provided that demonstrate the efficacy of PACE as a new principle of cancer immunotherapy in vitro and in a human xenograft model.