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The Etiology, Clinical Features, and Severity of Anaphylaxis in Childhood by Age Groups

Irem Turgay Yagmur1, Ilknur Kulhas Celik1, Ozge Yilmaz Topal1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|January 24, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric anaphylaxis triggers and symptoms vary by age, with food being common in younger children and drugs in older ones. Awareness and education are key for managing this severe reaction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Pediatrics

Background:

  • Anaphylaxis is a severe, acute hypersensitivity reaction with potentially fatal outcomes.
  • Etiology, presentation, and risk factors for pediatric anaphylaxis can differ significantly based on a child's age group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the varying etiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies of anaphylaxis across different pediatric age groups.
  • To identify age-specific triggers and characteristics of anaphylaxis in infants, preschoolers, school-age children, and adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 239 pediatric patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis between January 2015 and December 2018.
  • Data collected included demographics, anaphylaxis triggers (food, drugs, venoms), signs and symptoms, severity, and treatment administered, with a focus on age-related differences.

Main Results:

  • Foods were the primary trigger in infants and preschoolers, while drugs were more common in school-age children and adolescents.
  • Drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) was more frequently severe. Adrenaline was administered in 69.8% of cases, with no significant age-based variation in its use.
  • Common allergens included cow's milk and hen's eggs in infants, cow's milk and tree nuts in preschoolers, and tree nuts and legumes in school-age children.

Conclusions:

  • The etiological factors and clinical presentation of anaphylaxis demonstrate age-dependent variations in children.
  • Increased awareness and comprehensive education for patients and parents regarding anaphylaxis and its management are crucial for improving outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
AdolescentAdrenalineAnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis severityDrug anaphylaxisFood anaphylaxisInfantPediatricPreschoolersSchool-age children

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