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Bronchiolitis, epidemiological changes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Carmina Guitart1,2, Sara Bobillo-Perez3,4, Carme Alejandre1,2

  • 1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Passeig de Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|January 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered seasonal bronchiolitis patterns in infants, causing delayed peaks and changes in patient demographics and viral causes. Environmental temperature did not appear to influence viral circulation during this period.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants under two years old.
  • The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has impacted various infectious disease patterns globally.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for public health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare seasonal bronchiolitis peaks before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
  • To investigate changes in patient demographics, etiology, and disease severity.
  • To assess the influence of environmental factors on viral circulation.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, prospective, observational study.
  • Inclusion of severe bronchiolitis cases admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) from 2010 to 2021.
  • Collection of demographic data, viral laboratory confirmation, and daily average temperature.

Main Results:

  • 1116 patients were included; Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was the most common cause (70.1%).
  • Significant differences observed in patient age, PICU/hospital length of stay, and etiology between pre- and post-pandemic periods.
  • A delayed bronchiolitis peak occurred in 2021, with higher temperatures during the peak compared to previous years; SARS-CoV-2 was identified in one case.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused a distinct epidemiological shift in acute bronchiolitis.
  • Further detailed studies are needed to understand these pandemic-induced changes.
  • Environmental temperature did not appear to be a primary driver of viral circulation during the study period.
Abstract

Keywords:
BronchiolitisNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)PandemicSARS-CoV-2

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