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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Quantum optical immunoassay: upconversion nanoparticle-based neutralizing assay for COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Accurate assessment of population immunity and therapeutic antibody efficacy is critical during viral pandemics.
  • Measuring the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against viruses like SARS-CoV-2 is essential for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a sensitive technique for quantifying the neutralizing potency of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To establish a novel assay for assessing antibody-mediated viral neutralization.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles conjugated with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain as phantom virions.
  • Employed a custom confocal microscope to quantify nanoparticle attachment to ACE-2 coated substrates.
  • Developed a system where antibody neutralization prevents nanoparticle-cell binding.

Main Results:

  • The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting neutralizing antibodies at concentrations as low as 4.0 ng/ml.
  • Achieved a dynamic range from 1.0 ng/ml to 3.2 µg/ml for antibody neutralization detection.
  • Exhibited superior sensitivity compared to commercially available kits, which have a sensitivity of 19 ng/ml.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoparticle-based assay provides a sensitive and quantitative method for measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody strength.
  • This technique can aid in evaluating vaccine-induced immunity and the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies.
  • The assay's high sensitivity and broad dynamic range offer advantages for immunological studies and clinical applications.