Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.6K
Overview
31.6K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

7.9K
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
7.9K
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

45.6K
Overview
45.6K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.0K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.0K
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

16.6K
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
16.6K
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

5.0K
Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
5.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Programming T cells for intercellular genome editing.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Harmonizing standards and resources for the medical genome.

Nature·2026
Same author

Secreted ORF8 reprograms macrophages to enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung epithelial cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Publisher Correction: Lung and liver editing by lipid nanoparticle delivery of a stable CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein.

Nature biotechnology·2026
Same author

Too Few, Too Many, or Just Right? Optimizing Sample Sizes for Population-Level Inferences in Animal Tracking Projects.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Targeting Cancer-Specific Mutations with RNA-Triggered Chromatin Shredding.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.4K

Limited Cross-Variant Immunity after Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Without Vaccination.

Rahul K Suryawanshi, Irene P Chen, Tongcui Ma

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |January 25, 2022
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    SARS-CoV-2 Delta infection induces broad immunity against variants, while Omicron infection primarily boosts existing vaccine immunity. Omicron causes less severe disease but may not generate widespread cross-neutralizing antibodies on its own.

    More Related Videos

    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
    10:25

    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

    Published on: June 5, 2021

    4.8K
    Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
    05:49

    Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

    Published on: November 21, 2023

    1.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

    Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
    06:08

    Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1.4K
    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
    10:25

    Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

    Published on: June 5, 2021

    4.8K
    Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
    05:49

    Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

    Published on: November 21, 2023

    1.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Immunology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern, Delta and Omicron, exhibit distinct clinical profiles.
    • Delta infections are associated with severe lung disease, whereas Omicron predominantly causes upper respiratory symptoms.
    • The potential for Omicron's widespread transmission to confer population-level immunity is a critical question for pandemic trajectory.

    Approach:

    • Comparative analysis of immune responses in mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants.
    • Assessment of serum neutralization breadth against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
    • Evaluation of viral replication, cytokine expression, and disease progression in infected mice and human airway organoids.
    • Analysis of human sera from vaccinated individuals with breakthrough infections.

    Key Points:

    • Delta infection, unlike Omicron, elicits broad cross-neutralizing immunity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in mice.
    • Omicron infection in mice shows limited neutralization breadth, primarily targeting the Omicron variant itself.
    • Both Delta and the ancestral WA1 strain induce a pro-inflammatory response and similar viral loads in the respiratory tract, contrasting with Omicron's reduced pulmonary replication and inflammation.

    Conclusions:

    • Omicron infection enhances pre-existing immunity from vaccination but does not independently induce broad, cross-neutralizing humoral immunity in unvaccinated individuals.
    • Delta infection confers broader immunity compared to Omicron infection in a murine model.
    • Understanding variant-specific immune responses is crucial for predicting pandemic outcomes and informing public health strategies.