Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.9K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

8.5K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.5K
Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors

10.1K
Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
10.1K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.8K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

9.8K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.8K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

7.7K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
7.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PWO proteins are associated with PRC2 since their emergence in vascular plants.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

The auxin gatekeepers: Evolution and diversification of the YUCCA family.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2025
Same author

Polycomb repressive complex 2 facilitates the transition from heterotrophy to photoautotrophy during seedling emergence.

The Plant cell·2025
Same author

The Expansion and Diversification of Epigenetic Regulatory Networks Underpins Major Transitions in the Evolution of Land Plants.

Molecular biology and evolution·2025
Same author

TORquing chromatin: the regulatory role of TOR kinase in chromatin function.

Journal of experimental botany·2024
Same author

Structural and mechanistic insights into Quinolone Synthase to address its functional promiscuity.

Communications biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.5K

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 in Eukaryotes-An Evolutionary Perspective.

Mallika Vijayanathan1, María Guadalupe Trejo-Arellano1, Iva Mozgová1,2

  • 1Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.

Epigenomes
|January 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) epigenetically silences genes via H3K27me3. This study reviews PRC2’s conserved and divergent roles across eukaryotes, focusing on the green lineage, to understand its evolution.

Keywords:
H3K27me3PRC2SARalgaeanimalevolutionfungigreen lineageplantpolycomb

More Related Videos

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.6K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
10:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

21.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
07:34

A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains

Published on: August 23, 2019

5.5K
Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes
10:26

Toxicological Assays for Testing Effects of an Epigenetic Drug on Development, Fecundity and Survivorship of Malaria Mosquitoes

Published on: January 16, 2015

8.6K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
10:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: July 22, 2008

21.0K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) is a conserved epigenetic regulator.
  • PRC2 mediates gene silencing through histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3).
  • Its role is crucial for cell identity and development in animals and plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of PRC2-mediated repression across eukaryotic supergroups.
  • To focus on the green lineage and compare PRC2 functions.
  • To highlight evolutionary implications and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and comparative analysis of PRC2 across diverse eukaryotic taxa.
  • Focus on the green lineage within the broader eukaryotic context.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on PRC2 composition, biochemistry, and function.

Main Results:

  • PRC2 complexes are present across various eukaryotic supergroups, indicating functional conservation.
  • Comparative analysis reveals common and diverged features of PRC2.
  • Evidence suggests PRC2 plays a fundamental role in gene regulation throughout eukaryotic evolution.

Conclusions:

  • PRC2 is a highly conserved epigenetic machinery with deep evolutionary roots.
  • Understanding PRC2 evolution provides insights into fundamental biological processes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of polycomb repression.