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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

362
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
362

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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Microscopic Fractional Anisotropy Detects Cognitive Training-Induced Microstructural Brain Changes.

Xinnan Li1, Daisuke Sawamura2, Hiroyuki Hamaguchi1

  • 1Laboratory for Biomarker Imaging Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.

Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.)
|January 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA) from DDE-MRI detected brain changes after 4 weeks of cognitive training. This sensitive neuroimaging biomarker correlated with improved attention task performance, indicating neuroplasticity.

Keywords:
cognitive trainingdouble diffusion encodingmicroscopic fractional anisotropymicrostructure

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive training is known to induce neuroplastic changes in the brain.
  • Detecting these subtle changes with neuroimaging is crucial for understanding cognitive enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA) from double diffusion encoding (DDE) MRI can detect brain changes after a 4-week cognitive training program.
  • To correlate imaging findings with changes in cognitive task performance.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 29 healthy volunteers randomly assigned to a cognitive training group (n=21) or a control group (n=8).
  • Both groups underwent DDE-MRI and 3D-T1-weighted imaging twice over 4-6 weeks.
  • The training group performed daily N-back and attention network tasks.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in μFA was observed in the left middle frontal gyrus following cognitive training (uncorrected p < 0.001).
  • This μFA change correlated with improved response times in the orienting component of attention (r = -0.521, uncorrected p = 0.032).
  • No significant changes were found for other DDE-MRI indices (FA, MD) or gray/white matter volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA) is a sensitive MRI index capable of detecting neuroplastic brain changes induced by cognitive training.
  • μFA changes may serve as a biomarker for cognitive training efficacy and its impact on attention networks.