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Occurrence, Spatial Distribution and Health Risk of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in Source Water in the Lower
Yueqing Zhang1, Yvette Baninla2,3, Jia Yu1
1Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
Abstract:
The occurrence and health risk of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), a brominated flame retardant with its three diastereoisomers, in drinking water sources in the lower Yangtze River in China was investigated. Its concentration ranged from 0.58 to 3.71 ng/L and averaged at 1.18 ng/L. Among the three diastereoisomers of α-, β- and γ-HBCD, γ-HBCD was the dominant one accounting for 44% (ranging 27-82%) to the total concentration. Source of HBCD in the contaminated site was discussed according to its spatial distribution and diastereoisomer profile. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to evaluate the health risk of HBCD through drinking water by estimated exposure and derived reference dose. The MOE was 17 for adults and 12 for children in the worst-case scenario, suggesting a trivial health concern.
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