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Predictive Helmet Optimization Framework Based on Reduced-Order Modeling of the Brain Dynamics.

Alireza Mojahed1,2, Javid Abderezaei3,4, Efe Ozkaya3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. amojahed@mit.edu.

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Summary

Current sports helmets protect the head but not the deep brain structures like the corpus callosum (CC). New helmet designs must consider nonlinear brain dynamics to better prevent traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

Keywords:
Experimental impact testsHelmet designNonlinear corpus callosum modelReduced-order brain modelmTBI

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics of sports injuries
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) research
  • Helmet design and impact dynamics

Background:

  • Sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a significant global health concern.
  • Existing helmet design primarily focuses on head kinematics, often overlooking regional brain deformations.
  • Deep white matter structures, such as the corpus callosum (CC), are vulnerable in mild TBIs (mTBI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dynamical reduced-order model of the skull-brain-helmet system.
  • To analyze how helmet parameters affect head and CC dynamics during impact.
  • To investigate optimal helmet design criteria for mitigating brain tissue injury.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computational model simulating the skull-brain-helmet interaction.
  • Analysis of head-helmet coupling effects on both overall head motion and CC dynamics.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental impact test data from seven helmets across five sports.

Main Results:

  • Optimal helmet parameters for minimizing CC dynamics differ from those for head motion mitigation.
  • Football helmets absorbing 65-75% of impact energy showed best head motion mitigation.
  • No tested helmets effectively protected the CC from harmful impact energies due to nonlinear brain dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Helmet design must account for the nonlinear mechanical response of brain tissues like the CC.
  • The CC acts as an energy sink, potentially exhibiting delayed extreme motions.
  • Future helmet development should prioritize tissue-level dynamics to enhance protection against TBIs.