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Cardiac herniation: A practical review in the emergency setting
Riccardo Scagliola1, Sara Seitun2, Gian Marco Rosa3
1Division of Cardiology, Department of Emergency, Cardinal G. Massaia Hospital, Asti, Italy.
The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
|January 25, 2022
Summary
Cardiac herniations are rare, life-threatening conditions often missed in clinical practice. Increased awareness of their varied presentations is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Thoracic Surgery
- Medical Diagnostics
Background:
- Cardiac herniations, known since 1948, are under-recognized due to diagnostic challenges and limited clinical awareness.
- This condition poses a significant, yet often overlooked, clinical threat.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of cardiac herniations.
- Focus on definition, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, prognosis, and therapeutic options.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review following Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA guidelines.
- Conducted a comprehensive Pubmed search using keywords: ('cardiac' OR 'heart') AND ('herniation' OR 'hernia').
- Included high-quality resources on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical findings, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Main Results:
- Causative agents, location, and hemodynamic impact are key to patient outcomes and associated conditions.
- These factors significantly influence initial management decisions.
Conclusions:
- Cardiac herniations are rare, life-threatening, and poorly understood in clinical settings.
- Clinicians must recognize the diverse manifestations, especially in high-risk patients, for optimal decision-making and timely treatment.
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