Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

859
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
859
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

5.5K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
5.5K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

4.8K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
4.8K
Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects01:20

Radical Reactivity: Concentration Effects

1.5K
In a radical reaction, the concentration of starting materials governs the selectivity of a radical. For example, the reaction between an alkyl halide and an alkene, in the presence of tin hydride and AIBN, begins with the generation of a tin radical. The generated radical then abstracts halogen from the alkyl halide, producing an alkyl radical. This alkyl radical can either react with tin hydride, yielding an alkane, or add to an alkene, generating a nitrile-stabilized radical, eventually...
1.5K
Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions01:22

Factors Influencing the Rate of Chemical Reactions

6.1K
A variety of factors influence the rate of chemical reactions. For a chemical reaction to happen, atoms must collide with enough energy to overcome the repulsion between their electrons. This energy is called activation energy. Factors influencing the rate of reaction either lower the activation energy or increase the likelihood of a successful collision.
Concentration and Pressure:
The more particles present within a given space, the more likely those particles are to bump into one another....
6.1K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

29.8K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
29.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Soluble zinc-induced amyloid β oligomers probed through fluorine NMR spectroscopy.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Anle138b ameliorates pathological phenotypes in mouse and cellular models of Huntington's disease.

EMBO molecular medicine·2026
Same author

A minimal mechanically consistent model of smoothly dividing disk-shaped cells.

NPJ systems biology and applications·2026
Same author

Self-diffusiophoretic propulsion in wedge confinement: The role of phoretic interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Nonreciprocal Interactions between Condensates in Chemically Active Mixtures.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

The PET tracer [<sup>11</sup>C]MODAG-005 targets alpha-synuclein aggregates in the brain.

Science translational medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

6.5K

Molecular Diffusivity of Click Reaction Components: The Diffusion Enhancement Question.

Nasrollah Rezaei-Ghaleh1,2, Jaime Agudo-Canalejo3, Christian Griesinger1

  • 1Department of NMR-Based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated reaction-induced diffusion changes in the click reaction. Results show reactant diffusion decreases, product diffusion increases, and catalyst diffusion shows minimal change, refuting catalysis-induced enhancement.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K
Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy
12:15

Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2019

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 5, 2025

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging
06:34

In Situ Monitoring of Diffusion of Guest Molecules in Porous Media Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: September 2, 2016

6.5K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.0K
Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy
12:15

Image Processing Protocol for the Analysis of the Diffusion and Cluster Size of Membrane Receptors by Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: April 9, 2019

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Chemical kinetics
  • Physical chemistry
  • Nanoscale science

Background:

  • Chemically driven motility is known for micrometer-sized objects.
  • Reaction-induced diffusion changes in small molecules remain debated.
  • The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click reaction) is a model system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate molecular diffusivity changes during the click reaction.
  • To develop advanced NMR diffusion methods for nanosized systems.
  • To accurately probe reaction-induced diffusion enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized novel NMR diffusion techniques to monitor reaction components.
  • Employed two approaches to account for time-dependent concentration changes.
  • Measured diffusion coefficients of reactants, catalyst, and product during the reaction.

Main Results:

  • Reactant diffusion coefficients decreased over time.
  • Product diffusion coefficient gradually increased.
  • Catalyst diffusion showed minor enhancement, likely due to heating, not catalysis.

Conclusions:

  • Findings do not support catalysis-induced diffusion enhancement in the click reaction.
  • A large intermediate species with lower diffusivity may explain the observations.
  • The study highlights the complexity of diffusion in reactive nanosystems.