Left supraclavicular (Virchow's) node metastasis detected before primary infradiaphragmatic tumor: a case series

Metastasis of infradiaphragmatic tumors to the left supraclavicular lymph node is reported to be rare. When metastasis is detected in the left supraclavicular node in patients with head and neck carcinoma, locating the primary cancer remains a difficult and time-consuming challenge despite the dramatic development of screening technologies and treatment methods.

We report three cases of malignant infradiaphragmatic tumor diagnosed following an initial finding of left supraclavicular node metastasis after surgery for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (follow-up period, range 18-62 months). In these cases, adenocarcinoma was diagnosed based on left supraclavicular node biopsies, and a second primary tumor was found, in a 78-year-old Japanese woman with a diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, a 64-year-old Japanese man with a diagnosis of bladder carcinoma, and a 61-year-old Japanese man with a diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. In the cholangiocarcinoma case, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and alpha-fetoprotein levels helped to diagnose cholangiocarcinoma. Palliative care only was given, with survival for 11 months after diagnosis of lymph node metastasis. In the bladder carcinoma case, pathological analysis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimen of the metastatic cervical lymph node showed atypical cells with slight squamous differentiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the bladder lesion did not identify a clear glandular or squamous component, and we could not make a definitive diagnosis of whether the lesion was poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, or high-grade urothelial carcinoma. GATA3 staining aided in the diagnosis of urothelial bladder cancer with left supraclavicular node metastasis. He survived for 2 months after diagnosis of left supraclavicular lymph node metastasis. In the prostate carcinoma case, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was weak. Prostate-specific antigen levels and magnetic resonance imaging findings aided the diagnostic process. This patient underwent bilateral orchiectomy and adjuvant hormonal therapy and survived for 47 months after diagnosis of left supraclavicular node metastasis.

Pathological diagnosis on the basis of immunohistochemistry and specific diagnosis methods such as radiological and serological assessments are important for providing rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment.