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Rising Geographic Disparities in US Mortality.

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  • 1Benjamin K. Couillard is a PhD student in Economics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Christopher L. Foote is a Senior Economist and Policy Adviser, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts. Kavish Gandhi is a Research Assistant, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston, Massachusetts. Ellen Meara is Professor of Health Economics and Policy, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Jonathan Skinner is a Research Professor in Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. Meara and Skinner are also Research Associates, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Geographic inequality in midlife American mortality rose 70% from 1992-2016. Rising state income levels significantly explain this trend, highlighting the impact of public health strategies on longevity gains.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Sociology
  • Demography

Background:

  • The 21st century is characterized by increasing income and health disparities.
  • Geographic variations in health outcomes and mortality rates are a growing concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in geographic inequality of mortality among midlife Americans between 1992 and 2016.
  • To investigate the correlation between state-level income and mortality inequality over time.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mortality data for midlife Americans from 1992 to 2016.
  • Statistical examination of the relationship between state-level income and mortality inequality.

Main Results:

  • Geographic inequality in mortality for midlife Americans increased by approximately 70% from 1992 to 2016.
  • The correlation between state-level income and mortality significantly strengthened, with income explaining 58% of mortality inequality by 2016, up from 3% in 1992.
  • These trends were not solely driven by educational attainment or "deaths of despair."

Conclusions:

  • State-level income became a dominant factor in explaining mortality inequality among midlife Americans.
  • Higher-income states' ability to implement effective public health strategies and adopt beneficial behaviors led to greater longevity gains and increased cross-state mortality disparities.