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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Nanophotonic Chiral Sensing: How Does It Actually Work?

Steffen Both1, Martin Schäferling1, Florian Sterl1

  • 14th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

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|January 26, 2022
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Summary

We developed a general theory for chiral light-matter interactions in nanophotonic resonators. This approach explains chirality-induced shifts and changes in excitation/emission, enabling efficient spectral prediction for chiral sensing.

Keywords:
chiralitynanophotonicsplasmonicsquasi-normal modesresonant statessensing

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanophotonic chiral sensing utilizes light-matter interactions in resonators for detecting chiral molecules.
  • Current theoretical understanding relies on approximations or complex numerical methods.
  • A comprehensive theory is needed to fully exploit nanophotonic chiral sensing capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general theoretical framework for chiral light-matter interactions in arbitrary nanophotonic resonators.
  • To provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms governing chiral sensing.
  • To enable more efficient and accurate spectral predictions for chiral molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a perturbation theory describing chiral interactions as modifications of resonator modes (quasi-normal modes).
  • Analyzed the contributions of chirality to resonance shifts and mode excitation/emission efficiencies.
  • Validated the theory's efficiency compared to conventional numerical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identified two primary effects: chirality-induced resonance shifts and altered excitation/emission efficiencies.
  • Demonstrated that perturbation theory accurately describes inherently weak chiral interactions.
  • Achieved significantly more efficient spectral predictions than traditional methods.

Conclusions:

  • The presented general theory offers deep insights into tailoring and enhancing nanophotonic chiral sensing.
  • This theoretical framework facilitates efficient spectral prediction, crucial for ultralow concentration detection.
  • The findings advance the application of nanophotonic chiral sensing in life science and chemistry.