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Long noncoding RNA and phase separation in cellular stress response.

Rena Onoguchi-Mizutani1, Nobuyoshi Akimitsu1

  • 1Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|January 26, 2022
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate cellular stress responses by forming RNA-protein (RNP) condensates through phase separation. This review highlights lncRNAs

Keywords:
RNA-binding proteinRNA-protein condensatelong noncoding RNAphase separationstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cellular stress response is crucial for adapting to environmental changes.
  • RNA-protein (RNP) condensates, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation, are emerging regulators of stress response.
  • The protein-to-RNA ratio is critical for RNP condensate formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research on the involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the formation of RNP condensates under stress conditions.
  • To elucidate the role of lncRNAs as regulators of biological condensates via phase separation during cellular stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating lncRNAs and RNP condensate formation.
  • Analysis of the mechanisms by which lncRNAs nucleate and stabilize phase-separated RNP condensates.
  • Synthesis of findings related to lncRNA-driven phase separation in various stress response pathways.

Main Results:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) efficiently nucleate phase-separated RNP condensates due to their structure and length.
  • lncRNAs play a significant role in regulating the formation and function of RNP condensates during cellular stress.
  • Increased attention is focused on lncRNAs as key regulators in stress-induced biological condensates.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNA-driven phase separation is a fundamental mechanism underlying cellular stress responses.
  • Understanding lncRNA involvement in RNP condensate formation provides insights into cellular adaptation to stress.
  • This review establishes a basis for further research into lncRNAs' regulatory roles in stress biology.