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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

Robotics in Surgery: A Modular Robotic Platform Driven Gastric Wedge Resection
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Autonomous robotic laparoscopic surgery for intestinal anastomosis.

H Saeidi1,2, J D Opfermann2,3, M Kam2,3

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA.

Science Robotics
|January 26, 2022
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Summary

Autonomous robotic surgery enhances surgical consistency and outcomes. This study demonstrates an autonomous system for laparoscopic small bowel anastomosis that outperforms manual and robot-assisted techniques in phantom and in vivo models.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics
  • Surgical Technology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Autonomous robotic surgery offers potential for improved efficacy, safety, and consistency.
  • Autonomous anastomosis is a complex soft-tissue surgery task requiring advanced imaging, tracking, planning, and control.
  • Laparoscopic autonomous surgery presents unique challenges due to maneuverability and vision constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an enhanced autonomous strategy for laparoscopic soft tissue surgery.
  • To demonstrate robotic laparoscopic small bowel anastomosis in phantom and in vivo models.
  • To compare the autonomous system's performance against manual and robot-assisted surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an enhanced autonomous strategy for robotic laparoscopic surgery.
  • Execution of autonomous small bowel anastomosis in phantom and porcine intestinal tissues.
  • Comparison of anastomosis quality metrics (needle placement, suture spacing, completion time, leak pressure) between autonomous, manual, and robot-assisted surgery.

Main Results:

  • The autonomous system demonstrated superior consistency and accuracy compared to expert manual and robot-assisted surgery in phantom models.
  • These performance improvements were replicated in the in vivo porcine model.
  • The system successfully performed autonomous robotic laparoscopic intestinal anastomosis over a 1-week survival period.

Conclusions:

  • Autonomous surgical robots can significantly improve surgical consistency and patient outcomes.
  • The developed enhanced autonomous strategy shows promise for advancing laparoscopic soft tissue surgery.
  • Increased autonomy in surgical robots may enhance access to standardized surgical techniques.