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A structured ICA-based process for removing auditory evoked potentials.

Jessica M Ross1,2, Recep A Ozdemir3,4, Shu Jing Lian3

  • 1Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, KS-423, Boston, MA, USA. jross4@bidmc.harvard.edu.

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|January 27, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Removing auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) from transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs) using ICA improves isolation of cortical activity. This method enhances the specificity of TEPs for individual subjects and stimulation sites.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded via electroencephalography (EEG), combine cortical and multi-sensory responses.
  • The high-amplitude auditory evoked potential (AEP), generated by the TMS pulse sound, can obscure TEP components.
  • AEPs are peripherally evoked and not specific to stimulation sites, complicating TEP analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To disentangle the peripherally evoked AEP from TEPs to better isolate TMS-induced cortical activity.
  • To investigate if removing AEPs enables more accurate isolation of stimulation site-specific TEP features.
  • To test the hypothesis that Independent Components Analysis (ICA) isolation of AEPs reveals unique individual and site-specific TEP features.

Main Methods:

  • Merged sham and active TMS datasets across multiple conditions to enhance ICA effectiveness for AEP removal.
  • Applied ICA to remove the AEP component from TEPs.
  • Evaluated AEP removal effectiveness using Global and Local Mean Field Power (GMFP/LMFP) reduction and cosine similarity analysis across different sham protocols and populations.

Main Results:

  • AEP removal significantly reduced GMFP and LMFP in TEPs (14–400 ms), particularly in time windows corresponding to N100 and P200.
  • Cosine similarity analysis indicated reduced TEP similarity between subjects and conditions after AEP removal.
  • Residual TEPs showed site-specific early responses and potentially individual-specific, non-site-specific alpha band modulations in later latencies.

Conclusions:

  • The ICA-based procedure effectively and conservatively removes AEPs from TEPs, facilitating better isolation of TMS-evoked cortical activity.
  • Post-AEP removal TEPs exhibit unique characteristics, including site-specific early responses and individual-specific later modulations.
  • This method offers insights into TMS-evoked potentials and modulated oscillatory dynamics, improving the specificity of TEP analysis.