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Hypertension in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients: Prevalence, Impact, and Management Strategies

Lindsey Murphy1, Kelly Maloney1,2, Lia Gore1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplant-Cellular Therapeutics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.

Integrated Blood Pressure Control
|January 27, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension is a common side effect in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This review examines its prevalence, risk factors, and proposes an approach for managing high blood pressure in pediatric ALL patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cardiovascular Complications
  • Clinical Therapeutics

Background:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer.
  • Therapy for pediatric ALL, while effective, carries significant side effects.
  • Hypertension is a known, yet understudied, complication during and after ALL treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence and prevalence of hypertension in pediatric ALL patients during treatment and in survivors.
  • To identify independent and treatment-related risk factors for hypertension.
  • To propose an evidence-based approach for diagnosing and managing hypertension in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on hypertension in pediatric ALL.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including genetic and treatment-related causes.
  • Development of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for inpatient and outpatient management.

Main Results:

  • Limited data exist on the precise prevalence of hypertension in pediatric ALL.
  • Several risk factors contribute to hypertension development in these patients.
  • Current guidelines for managing inpatient hypertension in pediatric ALL are lacking.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is a critical concern in pediatric ALL patients and survivors.
  • A structured, algorithmic approach is needed for effective diagnosis and management.
  • Further research is required to establish clear treatment guidelines for this population.

Keywords:
ALLhypertensionleukemiamanagementpediatricprevalence

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