Cancer Comprehensive Analysis in Gastric Carcinoma: Benefits and New Perspectives

Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide. Screening tests as well as tools for prediction of treatment outcomes and prognosis have been developed, but they have many limitations. The integration of liquid biopsy provided new aspects in screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer. In the present study, we used different techniques, studying the genetic and epigenetic profile of circulating tumor cells. We aimed to acquire all the available information, compare it with already existing studies, and evaluate the benefit of this approach. A blood sample was isolated from 2 gastric cancer patients at stages III-IV, followed by the isolation of CTCs. The circulating tumor cells were used for array comparative genomic hybridization, next-generation sequencing, and whole gene expression microarrays. Different variants were detected, while the microsatellite instability status was stable in both cases. The tumor mutational burden was low to medium. Gene expression assays revealed that >100 genes were overexpressed compared to noncancer samples. Amplifications of X chromosome were also observed in both cases, by using array comparative genomic hybridization. Although there are several techniques for cancer screening, prediction of therapy outcomes, and prognosis, the application of a complete comprehensive cancer panel, combining the study of variants, fusions, chromosomal abnormalities, and gene expression, is more appropriate. Information provided by the above techniques might contribute in designing more efficient treatment protocols and screening tools. Despite the limitation of samples, the data are encouraging, and further study is needed so that they can be used at clinical level.