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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

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Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
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Ankle Joint01:10

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 5, 2025

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

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Constraint in complex primary total knee arthroplasty: rotating hinge versus condylar constrained implants.

Francesco Castagnini1,2, Barbara Bordini3, Monica Cosentino3

  • 1Ortopedia-Traumatologia e Chirurgia Protesica e dei Reimpianti d'anca e di Ginocchio, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy. francescocastagnini@hotmail.it.

Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
|January 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Condylar constrained knee arthroplasties (CCKAs) and rotating hinge knee arthroplasties (RHKAs) demonstrate comparable long-term survival rates in complex total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). However, younger males (<60) face higher failure risks, and unstemmed CCKAs show poorer outcomes.

Keywords:
Condylar constrained kneeConstraintFailureRotating hinge kneeTotal knee arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Complex primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) often require constrained implants.
  • Condylar constrained knee arthroplasties (CCKAs) and rotating hinge knee arthroplasties (RHKAs) are used for improved stability.
  • Limited long-term comparative data exists for these implant types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare intra-operative complication rates between CCKAs and RHKAs.
  • To evaluate and compare long-term implant survival rates.
  • To analyze revision causes and identify risk factors for failure in complex TKAs.

Main Methods:

  • A registry study included 1432 primary TKAs (703 RHKAs, 729 CCKAs) for non-oncological indications.
  • Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate analyses were employed.
  • Follow-up averaged 4.1 years for CCKAs and 6.8 years for RHKAs.

Main Results:

  • Intra/peri-operative complications were similar between CCKAs and RHKAs.
  • 10-year implant survival rates were comparable (91.9% RHKAs, 93.4% CCKAs).
  • Periprosthetic infection and aseptic loosening were primary revision reasons; males <60 and unstemmed CCKAs showed higher failure rates.

Conclusions:

  • Both CCKAs and RHKAs are effective long-term options for complex primary TKAs.
  • Patient factors, specifically male gender and age <60, are associated with increased failure risk.
  • Implant design, such as stemless CCKAs, may influence long-term outcomes.