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Updated: Oct 5, 2025

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Exploring EQ-5D-Y-3L Experience-Based VAS Values Derived Among Adolescents.

Mimmi Åström1,2,3, Ola Rolfson4,5, Kristina Burström4,6

  • 1Health Outcomes and Economic Evaluation Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Stockholm Centre for Healthcare Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. mimmi.astrom@ki.se.

Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
|January 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Adolescents can value their own health using the EQ-5D-Y-3L visual analogue scale (VAS), capturing important aspects of well-being. This study explored experience-based VAS values for this health-related quality of life instrument in young people.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Psychometrics
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • The EQ-5D-Y-3L is a health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument for adolescents aged 8-15.
  • Previous studies have used various methods to derive values for the EQ-5D-Y-3L.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore experience-based visual analogue scale (VAS) values for the EQ-5D-Y-3L derived from adolescents.
  • To assess the feasibility of adolescents valuing their own health states.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional population survey of adolescents aged 13-18 in Sweden (n=6,468).
  • Regression analyses (OLS, GLM) used to model VAS values based on EQ-5D-Y-3L dimensions.
  • Exploration of anchoring VAS at worst and best health states.

Main Results:

  • 92 of 243 possible health states were reported by respondents.
  • The dimensions 'feeling worried, sad or unhappy' and 'doing usual activities' showed the largest decrements in VAS values.
  • The OLS main effect model was deemed superior for simplicity and understandability.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescents can effectively value their health states using the VAS.
  • The EQ-5D-Y-3L, with adolescent-derived VAS values, can capture aspects crucial to young people's well-being.
  • This approach supports the use of the EQ-5D-Y-3L in research and clinical settings involving adolescents.