Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 2, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects
Published on: September 18, 2012
Benjamin Esterman (1906-1994) and the binocular visual field scoring grid that became a world standard for assessing
1Department of Ophthalmology Eksjö, Region Jönköping County and Section for Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Abstract:
The visual field grid developed by the ophthalmologist Benjamin Esterman (1906-1994) is today an accepted standard for assessing driver eligibility in many parts of the world. However, little is published about the scientific process that led to the test or about the person who developed it. The aim of this article is to portray the ophthalmologist Benjamin Esterman, and to discuss the visual field grid with his name and its current role in assessing driving eligibility.

