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Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.

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Nicotinamide Riboside Alleviates Corneal and Somatic Hypersensitivity Induced by Paclitaxel in Male Rats.

Marta V Hamity¹, Sandra J Kolker¹, Deborah M Hegarty²

¹Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

|January 27, 2022

Summary

Chemotherapy drug paclitaxel causes eye discomfort and nerve hypersensitivity in rats. Nicotinamide riboside (NR) effectively relieved these symptoms, suggesting its potential for treating chemotherapy-induced ocular issues.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Ophthalmology
Pharmacology

Background:

Chemotherapy agents like paclitaxel can cause ocular discomfort and dry eye symptoms, potentially due to neuropathic changes.
Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced ocular surface disease is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess corneal and somatic hypersensitivity in male rats treated with paclitaxel.
To determine if nicotinamide riboside (NR) can alleviate paclitaxel-induced hypersensitivity and ocular discomfort.

Main Methods:

Paclitaxel-treated rats were evaluated for corneal sensitivity, tear production, and hindpaw sensitivity.
Corneal nerve density and intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) density in the hindpaw were examined.
Treatment with nicotinamide riboside (NR) was administered to assess its therapeutic effects.

Main Results:

Paclitaxel induced corneal hypersensitivity, increased tear production, and hindpaw hypersensitivity, along with a loss of specific nerve fibers.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) reversed corneal tactile hypersensitivity and hindpaw hypersensitivity without affecting tear production or nerve density.
NR's efficacy in relieving hypersensitivity was independent of reversing nerve fiber loss.

Conclusions:

Paclitaxel serves as a relevant model for studying chemotherapy-induced ocular discomfort.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) shows promise as a therapeutic agent for alleviating chemotherapy-induced ocular and somatic hypersensitivity.
NR's mechanism of action may not require the reversal of sensory nerve degeneration.