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Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Published on: January 18, 2021

Violence and posttraumatic change (PTC).

Benjamin S Roebuck¹, Patricia L Sattler², Alicia K Clayton¹

¹Victimology Research Centre.

Psychological Trauma : Theory, Research, Practice and Policy

|January 27, 2022

Summary

Canadian survivors of violent crime describe their experiences as posttraumatic change, encompassing both negative and positive shifts. This highlights the need to focus on perceived changes rather than solely on posttraumatic growth.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Sociology
Criminology

Background:

Violent crime significantly impacts individuals, leading to complex posttraumatic experiences.
Understanding how victims and survivors interpret these experiences is crucial for support and healing.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore how Canadian victims and survivors of violent crime articulate and understand their posttraumatic experiences.
To identify the diverse ways individuals make sense of life after experiencing violence.

Main Methods:

A mixed-methods approach was used, combining an online survey (N=435) with in-depth narrative interviews (n=71).
Participants represented diverse demographics and experienced various forms of violent crime, including partner violence, sexual violence, and homicide.
Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses and interview data was conducted.

Main Results:

Three main categories of posttraumatic change emerged: negative changes, positive changes, and resistance to the concept of posttraumatic growth.
Participants' narratives revealed a complex interplay of challenges and adaptations following trauma.
A significant theme was the difficulty in framing experiences solely within a 'growth' paradigm.

Conclusions:

The findings underscore the importance of conceptualizing posttraumatic experiences as 'change' rather than solely 'growth'.
"Posttraumatic change" offers a more nuanced framework to understand the dynamic and often challenging process survivors navigate.
This perspective acknowledges the multifaceted nature of recovery and adaptation after violence.